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Tangentially related, but how would you respond to the argument that utilitarians must be committed to some form of anti-natalism? At the very least it seems to me the case for unimaginable suffering in the case of both wild and food animals is simply overwhelming. I would rather never have existed than be a wild or domesticated food animal if the choice were given to me. Nature often strikes me as a sort of utilitarian hell.

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> Rights are reducible to happiness.

Other way around. Happiness is reducible to rights. We would hold that you shouldn’t kill someone even if God (me) told you they would experience -0.01 utility in the future. Or take forced wireheading, or many other examples. At best this just begs the question of util being true.

> Concentric Circles.

You know why this is complete nonsense. Adding the word “corresponding” to the formulation doesn’t help. In fact it makes it worse, as a “corresponding” choice to the people in the next circle would be a choice that implicated 99 more circles, same as a choice 1. That’s logically contradictory, and this is null.

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